Dementia is an increasingly common problem, with cases expected to more than double by 2060. But did you know that not all types of dementia are the same? In fact, two of the most common forms — Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) — have different causes, symptoms, and treatments.
While both conditions affect memory and thinking, knowing the differences between AD and LBD can make a significant impact in choosing the right treatment and support. At Kenneth K. Wogensen, MD, we help families understand these conditions so they can get the best care for their loved ones.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, affecting about 7.2 million Americans over 65. It typically develops slowly, with early signs including forgetfulness, confusion about time or place, and difficulty finding the right words. Over time, symptoms become more severe, affecting daily life, relationships, and independence.
Alzheimer’s happens when abnormal protein build-ups called amyloid plaques and tau tangles form in the brain. These damage the brain’s communication system and lead to brain cell death.
Lewy body dementia affects around 1.4 million Americans. The cause is Lewy bodies — clumps of a protein called alpha-synuclein. These abnormal proteins accumulate in brain cells, disrupting the brain’s normal functioning.
LBD can look like a mix between Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, so some people receive a Parkinson’s diagnosis before symptoms of dementia appear.
Let’s break down the main ways AD and LBD differ:
In Alzheimer’s, memory loss is usually the first and most noticeable symptom. In LBD, people often experience movement problems early on, such as stiffness, shuffling while walking, or tremors. They may also appear unsteady or fall frequently.
People with LBD often have fluctuating levels of alertness. One day they may seem clear and focused, and the next they may appear confused or drowsy. In Alzheimer’s, mental decline is steadier and more consistent.
LBD commonly causes visual hallucinations early in the disease. This means the person might see people, animals, or objects that aren’t really there, but that still seem very real to them. Hallucinations are rare in the early stages of Alzheimer’s, though they can occur later on.
People with LBD often act out their dreams or move around a lot during sleep. This condition is called REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep problems can happen with Alzheimer’s, too, but it’s usually insomnia — trouble falling or staying asleep.
People with LBD are very sensitive to certain antipsychotic medications and may have severe side effects like worsening confusion or movement problems. Alzheimer’s patients may sometimes take these medications with fewer complications, though we still monitor them carefully.
Diagnosing either condition involves:
There’s no single test to confirm AD or LBD, but Dr. Wogensen can usually make a diagnosis based on patterns of symptoms and imaging results.
Watching a loved one go through dementia is incredibly hard. At Kenneth K. Wogensen, MD, we don’t just treat patients; we also support their families. We help you learn what to expect, how to communicate effectively, and how to make your loved one feel safe, valued, and supported. We also guide you through tough decisions about care planning, safety, and daily routines.
While there’s currently no cure for Alzheimer’s or Lewy body dementia, treatments are available to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
For Alzheimer’s disease, medications like donepezil or memantine can help with memory and thinking, while cognitive therapy and memory training may slow mental decline. We also encourage lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise and engaging in brain-stimulating activities.
Movement symptoms in Lewy body dementia may be treatable with medications used for Parkinson’s disease. Cholinesterase inhibitors (also used in Alzheimer’s) can help with thinking and hallucinations. Sleep issues and hallucinations also need careful management with the proper medications and support.
If you notice changes in memory, behavior, or movement in a loved one, getting the correct diagnosis early on can make a big difference. At Kenneth K. Wogensen, MD, we help you find answers, get support, and plan the best path forward. So, call our office, or complete the online form without delay.
